Communications Systems

01

AM Modulation

Amplitude modulation with envelope, sidebands, and modulation index.

02

FM Modulation

Frequency modulation, instantaneous frequency, and bandwidth.

03

BPSK Modulation

Binary phase shift keying with constellation diagram.

04

QPSK Modulation

Quadrature PSK with I/Q components and Gray coding.

05

QAM Constellation

4/16/64/256-QAM constellation diagrams with noise.

06

OFDM Subcarriers

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and FFT.

07

Spread Spectrum

CDMA, spreading codes, and processing gain.

08

Channel Capacity

Shannon's theorem and fundamental limits.

09

Convolutional Codes

Shift register encoder with generator polynomials.

10

Viterbi Decoder

Trellis diagram and maximum likelihood decoding.

11

Turbo Codes

Parallel concatenation and iterative decoding.

12

LDPC Codes

Sparse parity check matrix and Tanner graph.

13

MIMO Systems

Spatial multiplexing, diversity, and channel capacity.

14

Beamforming

Phased array antenna patterns and steering.

15

Pulse Shaping

Nyquist pulses, raised cosine, and ISI.

16

Eye Diagram

Signal quality analysis with noise and jitter.

17

Carrier Recovery

Phase-locked loop for coherent demodulation.

18

Multipath Fading

Wireless channel effects and Doppler shift.

19

Equalizer

ISI compensation with ZF, MMSE, and DFE.

20

BER Curves

Bit error rate vs SNR for various modulations.