← Back

Multipath Fading

Wireless channel effects from signal reflections

3 paths
10 samples
10 Hz

Multipath Propagation Visualization

Channel Impulse Response

Frequency Response (Fading)

Understanding Multipath Fading

Multipath: Signal reaches receiver via multiple paths (direct, reflected, diffracted). Each has different delay and amplitude.

Constructive/Destructive: Paths can add (strong signal) or cancel (deep fade) depending on phase relationships.

Frequency Selective: Some frequencies fade while others don't. Creates notches in spectrum.

Coherence Bandwidth: B_c ≈ 1/(delay spread). Frequencies within B_c fade together.

Doppler: Motion causes frequency shifts. Creates time-varying fading (fast fading).

Mitigation: OFDM, equalization, diversity, MIMO.