Magma Chamber Pressure
Explore the pressure dynamics inside an elastic magma chamber. Click to inject magma and watch eruptions trigger when critical pressure is exceeded.
Lava Flow Viscosity
Compare basaltic and rhyolitic lava flows. Adjust silica content, temperature, and slope angle to see how viscosity controls flow behavior.
Plinian Eruption Column
Simulate a Plinian eruption column with gas-thrust and buoyancy-driven convective zones. Control discharge rate, exit velocity, and wind.
Pyroclastic Flow
Trigger a pyroclastic density current - fast-moving mixtures of hot gas, ash, and rock racing down a volcanic slope at hundreds of km/h.
Caldera Collapse
Watch the step-by-step formation of a caldera: from eruption through downsag, ring fault development, piston collapse, and lake formation.
Volcanic Explosivity Index
Explore the logarithmic VEI scale from gentle Hawaiian eruptions (VEI 0) to mega-colossal supervolcanic events (VEI 8).
Stratovolcano vs Shield
Compare the structure, shape, and eruption styles of steep stratovolcanoes and broad shield volcanoes with cross-section views.
Tephra Fallout Dispersal
Erupt tephra and watch wind carry particles downwind. See deposit thickness patterns form as a top-down isopach map.
Volcanic Gas Emissions
Visualize volcanic degassing: H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, HCl, and HF. See how gas composition changes with magma type and temperature.
Lahar Simulation
Trigger a devastating lahar (volcanic mudflow) and watch it race down a valley, threatening settlements at increasing distances.