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Dunbar's Number

The Cognitive Limit on Friendship

YOUR BRAIN CAN ONLY HANDLE ~150 REAL RELATIONSHIPS

Robin Dunbar (1992) discovered that primate brain size predicts social group size. Extrapolating to humans, he found our neocortex can maintain about 150 stable relationships—people you know personally and could have a drink with if you ran into them. This limit has held across 2,000 years of human history, from hunter-gatherer tribes to Facebook friends.

Your Social Layers

Click a layer to learn more. Social networks aren't flat—they're nested circles.

5
Support Clique
Closest loved ones. 40% of social time.
15
Sympathy Group
Good friends. Would grieve your death.
50
Close Network
Would invite to a group dinner.
150
Personal Network
The Dunbar limit. Stable relationships.
500
Acquaintances
Know their name, little else.
1,500
Recognizable Faces
They might not recognize you back.

Estimate Your Own Network

Your network size: 120 — Within Dunbar's limit. You have cognitive room for more meaningful relationships.

The Social Brain Hypothesis

Dunbar found brain size predicts group size across primates. Humans fit the pattern.

12
🦧
Lemurs
30
🐒
Macaques
50
🦍
Gorillas
65
🦧
Chimps
150
👤
Humans
23
Studies Confirming 150
61M
Largest Dataset
2,000
Years of History
~3
Scaling Factor

Where We See 150

🏕️ Hunter-Gatherer Bands

Typical band size across cultures: 100-230 members. The natural human community.

🏘️ Neolithic Villages

Archaeological evidence shows villages of 150-200 people before hierarchies emerged.

⚔️ Roman Army Units

A century was ~80-100 soldiers; two centuries formed cohorts of 160.

💼 Gore-Tex Company

W.L. Gore limits facilities to 150 employees—when it grows, they split.

📱 Facebook Friends

Average user has 338 friends, but actively engages with ~150.

📧 Christmas Cards

UK study: households send cards to ~150 people on average.

THE PARADOX OF SOCIAL MEDIA

You can have 5,000 Facebook friends, but your brain still can't maintain more than ~150 real relationships. Social media creates the illusion of larger networks, but research shows engagement drops off at the same cognitive limits. Beyond 150, relationships become "one-way"—you know them, but they don't really know you. Technology changes communication, not cognition.