Double-Well Potential & Particle

Position Trajectory x(t)

Escape Time Distribution

r = (ω₀ω_b/2πγ)·exp(-ΔU/k_BT)

Simulation

Parameters

Time: 0.00
Position: -1.00
Well: Left
Escapes: 0
Kramers Theory
Simulated Rate
Kramers (1940): The escape rate depends exponentially on the ratio ΔU/k_BT. At low temperature, escapes are rare; at high temperature, frequent. The friction γ determines the optimal escape regime.