Competence Induction

Natural Transformation: DNA Uptake and Recombination

Non-competent
Competent
Transformed
Free DNA
Generation: 0
Non-competent: 0
Competent: 0
Transformed: 0
DNA Available: 0
Recombinations: 0

DNA Pool Composition

Natural Competence

Some bacteria can enter a "competent" state where they can take up extracellular DNA. This is triggered by stress conditions (starvation, antibiotics). Taken-up DNA can be integrated into the chromosome through homologous recombination, enabling horizontal gene transfer. Species like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis are naturally competent.