Edge effects are changes in species composition and ecological conditions at habitat boundaries.
Edge vs Core Habitat
- Core: Interior habitat, stable microclimate
- Edge: Boundary zone with altered conditions
- Edge penetration depth varies by effect
Microclimate Changes
- Higher light, temperature, wind at edges
- Lower humidity, different soil moisture
- Increased disturbance (wind throw, fire)
Species Responses
- Interior specialists: Decline with fragmentation
- Edge specialists: Thrive in fragmented landscapes
- Predators, parasites often increase at edges