Decomposition is the breakdown of organic matter by decomposers, recycling nutrients back into ecosystems.
Decomposer Community
- Bacteria: Fast-growing, prefer high-quality litter
- Fungi: Can break down lignin and cellulose
- Invertebrates: Shredders fragment litter, increasing surface area
Controlling Factors
- Temperature: Higher = faster (to a point)
- Moisture: Optimal around 50-70%
- C:N Ratio: Lower = faster decomposition
Mass Loss Curve
Follows exponential decay: M(t) = M₀ × e^(-kt). The k constant varies with conditions and litter quality.