Predicted Equilibrium (P*)
0%
P* = 1 - e/c
25
0.25
0.15
50%
30%
50
0
Occupied
0%
Occupancy (P)
0
Colonizations
0
Extinctions
Levins Model: dP/dt = cP(1-P) - eP. Metapopulation persists
when c > e. Rescue effect reduces extinction in well-connected patches.
Source patches sustain sink patches through dispersal.