Geographic Setting

Population Genetics

Climate Dynamics

❄️ Glacial
🌡️ Warm
generations
Phylogeography:
Studies how historical events (glaciations, range expansions) shaped the geographic distribution of genetic diversity. Coalescent theory traces gene genealogies backward to common ancestors.

Geographic Distribution & Genetic Diversity

Refugia
Genetic Diversity (low → high)
Glaciated (uninhabitable)

Coalescent Gene Tree

Isolation by Distance

Population Size History (Skyline)

Haplotype Network

Generation
0
Occupied Cells
0
Total Population
0
Haplotypes
1
Mean Diversity (π)
0.000
Fst
0.000

Range Expansion History