Wave Interference

How rank 0 and rank 1 waves interact

Frequency 1 5

Frequency 2 8

Phase Shift 0.3π

Decay Rate 1.0

Rank 0 wave

Rank 1 wave

Difference (murmuration)

Sum (combined signal)

The interference pattern between rank 0 and rank 1 waves creates the distinctive murmuration signature. The difference wave shows how they separate over p.